RNA modification의 종류들 및 관련 논문

RNA modification은 수 년간 tRNA(transfer RNA)나 rRNA(ribosomal RNA)을 중점적으로 연구되어 왔습니다. 하지만 이처럼 일부 RNA 뿐만 아니라 mRNA를 포함하여 유전체 규모로(genome-wide) RNA modification을 연구하기 시작한 것은 2014년 이후입니다. 비교적 최근에 관심받고 있는 분야이지요. RNA modification의 종류는 많습니다만, 주로 5가지 종류의 modification에 대하여 genome-wide한 RNA modification 을 찾는 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있습니다.

1. N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A)

• (Ref. 23) Dominissini D, Moshitch-Moshkovitz S, Schwartz S, Salmon-Divon M, Ungar L, et al. 2012. Topology of the human and mouse m6A RNA methylomes revealed by m6A-seq. Nature 485:201–6

• (Ref. 62) Linder B, GrozhikAV, Olarerin-George AO, Meydan C, MasonCE, Jaffrey SR. 2015. Single-nucleotideresolution mapping of m6A and m6Am throughout the transcriptome. Nat. Methods 12:767–72

2. Pseudouridine (ψ)

• (Ref. 14) Carlile TM, Rojas-Duran MF, Zinshteyn B, Shin H, Bartoli KM, Gilbert WV. 2014. Pseudouridine profiling reveals regulated mRNA pseudouridylation in yeast and human cells. Nature 515:143–46

• (Ref. 93) Schwartz S, Bernstein DA, Mumbach MR, Jovanovic M, Herbst RH, et al. 2014. Transcriptome-wide mapping reveals widespread dynamic-regulated pseudouridylation of ncRNA and mRNA. Cell 159:148–62

3. N¹-methyladenosine (m¹A)

• (Ref. 24) Dominissini D, Nachtergaele S, Moshitch-Moshkovitz S, Peer E, Kol N, et al. 2016. The dynamic N1-methyladenosine methylome in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Nature 530:441–46

• (Ref. 59) Li X, Xiong X, Wang K, Wang L, Shu X, et al. 2016. Transcriptome-wide mapping reveals reversible and dynamic N1-methyladenosine methylome. Nat. Chem. Biol. 12:311–16

4. 5-methylcytosine (5mC)

• (Ref. 44) Khoddami V, Cairns BR. 2013. Identification of direct targets and modified bases of RNA cytosine methyltransferases. Nat. Biotechnol. 31:458–64

• (Ref. 45) Khoddami V, Yerra A, Cairns BR. 2015. Experimental approaches for target profiling of RNA cytosine methyltransferases. Methods Enzymol. 560:273–96

• (Ref. 107) Squires JE, Patel HR, Nousch M, Sibbritt T, Humphreys DT, et al. 2012. Widespread occurrence of 5-methylcytosine in human coding and non-coding RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 40:5023–33

5. 2’-O-ribose methylation

• (Ref. 7) Birkedal U, Christensen-DalsgaardM,Krogh N, Sabarinathan R, Gorodkin J, NielsenH. 2015. Profiling of ribose methylations in RNA by high-throughput sequencing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54:451–55

참고한 리뷰논문들:

• 2016-11, Bevilacqua, Annu. Rev. Genet.
• 2017-06, Roundtree, Cell, Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation

RNA modification 은 RNA 구조에 영향을 미친다.

• 2015, Liu, Nature, N6-methyladenosine-dependent RNA structural switches regulate RNA-protein interactions

• 2017, Liu, NAR, N6-methyladenosine alters RNA structure to regulate binding of a low-complexity protein